Fever In Dog: Causes, Symptoms And Care

The normal body temperature for dogs is between 101 and 102.5 F, compared to 97.6 to 99.6 F for humans. Your dog may feel feverish even though their temperature is completely normal. Fever typically describes elevated body temperature caused by infection or inflammation. 

A temperature of more than 103 F is considered a dog fever, although it can be 103 if they are excited or stressed. When dogs experience higher temperatures due to hot external temperatures or excessive exercise in humid conditions, the condition is known as hyperthermia. When their temperature increases to 106 F, serious and fatal conditions may occur. 

How To Know If A Dog Has Fever

The fever can be difficult to detect at home and is often discovered at the veterinary office. It is because a dog's temperature is naturally higher than a human's and it is impossible to detect a fever just by touching their skin. 

The only way of accurately knowing if your dog has a fever is to take their rectal temperature with a digital thermometer. It is done by lubricating the thermometer's tip and inserting it into the rectum. Another person should hold your dog's head as some may not tolerate such activities at home. If a dog doesn't seem ill, there is no benefit to taking your pup's temperature regularly as it might be caused by staying outdoors in a warm environment. 

A variety of illnesses and conditions may make your dog run a fever. High fever in dogs is often a symptom of an underlying health issue. 

Some of the causes of high temperature in dogs include:

Infections

The body is designed to increase in temperature when the infection occurs. Many bacteria, viruses, and fungi are heat-sensitive and can't survive at the higher body temperature. 

When bacteria, viruses, or parasites invade a dog's body, it triggers an immune response. As part of this process, the body's temperature rises, creating an environment uncomfortable for the invading pathogens. This rising temperature is what we recognize as a fever. Bacterial infections often result in high fevers followed by other symptoms like lethargy, decreased appetite, and possibly discharge from the affected area. The symptoms will depend on where the infection is focused and the underlying cause.

Inflammation

It refers to the body's natural response to an injury or infection, designed to protect and heal when faced with a threat, increasing blood flow to the affected area. This increased blood flow, coupled with the body's heightened metabolic activity to combat the issue, generates heat causing the dog's body temperature to rise. 

The most common cause of fever from inflammation is pancreatitis. This is an inflammation of the pancreas, leading to vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and a painful abdomen. Conditions such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease involve ongoing inflammation, which can trigger a sustained fever response. 

Allergies

Allergies primarily trigger an immune response that manifests as itching, sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, and skin irritations. These symptoms arise from the body's reaction to allergens like pollen, dust mites, or certain foods.

If your dog is exhibiting both allergy symptoms and fever, it's crucial to consult with a veterinarian. Fever often occurs due to an underlying infection or inflammatory condition, rather than allergies alone.

Toxins

Consuming substances that are poisonous to dogs, including macadamia nuts and some human antidepressants, can result in increased body temperature in dogs. 

The immune system considers these foreign substances a threat, prompting an inflammatory reaction. Some toxins can directly damage cells, leading to the release of inflammatory substances. Others may interfere with the body's temperature regulation systems, causing an imbalance.  

Common sources of toxins for dogs include:

• Antifreeze, cleaners, and pesticides
• Certain plants are poisonous to dogs, and ingestion can lead to fever.
• Human medications can be harmful to dogs, and overdoses or incorrect use can cause fever.
• Foods such as chocolate, grapes, and onions are toxic to dogs.

Vaccination

Vaccinations can protect your dog from various diseases and illnesses, but they can sometimes lead to a mild fever after its injection. As with infections, the body's immune system will often respond to vaccinations with a lower-grade fever that lasts up to 48 hours after vaccination. 

However, if the fever persists with other symptoms like lethargy, loss of appetite, or swelling at the injection site, you should contact your veterinarian.

Severe Anxiety

When a dog experiences intense anxiety, their body undergoes a stress response, leading to the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. 

Lengthy stress can suppress the immune system, making the dog more sensitive to infections that can cause fever. Also, anxiety might seen in physical symptoms such as rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and muscle tension. These physical reactions can contribute to a rise in body temperature.

Fever Of Unknown Origin

Sometimes, fever can't be determined, which is often the case with the immune system, blood and bone marrow disorders, and other illnesses. Additionally, inflammatory conditions that don't fit into specific diagnostic categories can contribute to FUO.

This fever in dogs typically stems from underlying health issues. Potential culprits include chronic or recurrent infections that are difficult to separate from, autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks healthy tissues

Auto-Immune Illness

Auto-immune diseases occur when a dog's immune system mistakenly attacks its healthy tissues. This abnormal immune response triggers inflammation throughout the body.

Conditions like lupus, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and auto-immune thyroiditis are examples of these diseases that can cause persistent fever in dogs. Diagnosing this disease requires extensive testing and specialist care.

If you notice a significant change in your pup's behavior, it will be your first sign that your dog is not feeling well. You should keep a careful eye on your dog and monitor your dog's symptoms.

Any combination of the following symptoms is a clear indication that you should check your dog's temperature. The most common symptoms of a fever in dogs are:

Red looking eyes

Red or glassy-looking eyes in dogs can be a symptom of fever. When a dog has a fever, their body is fighting off an infection, and this can cause inflammation in the eyes, causing them to appear red. 

Additionally, the eyes might lose their normal luster and become dry or glassy due to dehydration, which is common when a dog is ill. 

Warm ears and nose

A dog's ears and nose are typically cool and moist. However, when a dog has a fever, their body temperature rises, which can cause their ears and nose to feel warm to the touch.

If both ears and nose are consistently warm and dry, it could be a sign of elevated body temperature.

Shivering 

Shivering is a common symptom of fever in dogs. When a dog's body temperature rises, their body may try to cool itself down by shivering. 

This is similar to how humans shiver when they are cold. However, shivering can also be caused by other factors, such as fear, anxiety, or pain. 

Panting

Panting is a natural way for dogs to regulate their body temperature. However, excessive panting can be a sign of fever.

When a dog has a fever, their body temperature rises, and they may pant more frequently to cool down

Runny Nose

A runny nose, often accompanied by sneezing, can cause fever in dogs. When a dog's immune system is fighting off an infection, increased mucus production can occur, leading to a runny nose.

While it's more commonly associated with allergies or respiratory infections, it can also be a sign of a systemic illness.

Decreased appetite

When a dog is feeling unwell, their body's priorities shift towards fighting the infection and eating may not be a top priority.

Loss of appetite can also be caused by nausea, pain, or other digestive issues

Decreased Energy

A noticeable decrease in energy levels is a regular sign of fever in pups. When a dog fights an infection, their body works overtime to combat the illness, leading to fatigue and lethargy. 

Also, they may lack interest in their usual activities, such as playing, walking, or eating. 

Vomiting

Vomiting can cause fever in dogs, especially if it's accompanied by other signs of illness. When a dog's body is fighting an infection, it can disrupt the digestive system, leading to nausea and vomiting.

Coughing

Coughing is often associated with respiratory infections, leading to fever sometimes in dogs. When a dog has a fever, their respiratory system may become irritated, leading to coughing. 

Diarrhea

When a dog's body is fighting an infection, causing sickness, the digestive system can be affected. Inflammation in the intestinal tract can lead to loose stools or diarrhea. 

Additionally, some infections that cause fever, such as pervovirus, can also lead to severe diarrhea and vomiting.

If you feel that your dog may be ill, monitoring their body temperature at home is a good way you can do so. If your dog has a fever surpassing 102.5 F, it signals a visit to the veterinarian. It is an emergency if your pup is lethargic or has vomited, stopped eating, and temperature of 104.5 F.

It is crucial to never give your dog medications like ibuprofen to reduce their fear. These medications are toxic to pets and can result in serious harm or death. Getting a diagnosis of dog fever as quickly as possible and applying treatment will result in more comfortable outcomes, leading to health improvement. Most causes can be treated if found early. 

Fever in dogs can lead to severe health issues if not properly prevented. While not always preventable, taking proactive steps can reduce the risk of your canine companion experiencing this uncomfortable condition. 

If a dog has a fever of 103 F or higher, you lower their body temperature by applying cool water using a soaked towel or cloth to their ears and paws while keeping a fan nearby.

Adding to that, the other ways to prevent the fever are mentioned below:

Regular Vaccinations

Regular vaccinations are the cornerstone of preventative healthcare for dogs. Core vaccines protect against highly contagious and potentially fatal diseases like parvovirus, distemper, and rabies.

These diseases can cause severe illness, including fever. By keeping your dog's vaccination schedule up-to-date, you're providing a crucial layer of protection. 

Monitoring Your Dog Closely

If you suspect your dog has a fever, it is necessary to monitor your furry friend closely for any additional symptoms adjoined with it. Focus more on any changes in their behavior, appetite, or energy levels they used to show during normal health conditions. 

You should provide your pup with regular drinking water and should ensure they are drinking regularly or not. Dehydration can lead to lethargy, dry gum, and other issues related to fever. Also, check for the body temperature to be in normal conditions ranging from 100.5°F to 102.5°F.

Provides Supportive Care

For you being a pet owner to protect your furry companion from fever, you should ensure that your dog has access to the fresh water supply. If your dog is suffering from a fever, provide them with a peaceful environment in your house to rest in to recover from illness. 

Also, you need to restrict the playtime activities for the dog until the fever vanishes so that they can recover properly while at rest. 

Parasite Prevention

Fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes can transmit various diseases to dogs, many of which can cause fever.

Regular parasite prevention, including flea and tick prevention products and heartworm prevention medication, is essential to protect your dog from these threats. 

Maintain a Healthy Diet

A balanced and nutritious diet supports a strong immune system, which is crucial for fighting off infections.

High-quality dog food that meets your dog's specific nutritional needs provides essential building blocks for optimal health. Avoid feeding your dog table scraps or human food, as these can increase the risk of illness. 

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

During these visits, your veterinarian can perform physical exams, administer vaccinations, and screen for parasites. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent fever and other complications.

Regular check-ups also allow you to build a strong relationship with your veterinarian, facilitating open communication about your dog's health.

Safeguard Your Dog Outdoors

When taking your dog outdoors, be aware of potential threats. Avoid areas with standing water, as it can carry mosquitoes that transmit diseases.

Keep your dog on a leash to prevent encounters with other canine friends that may carry infections. Regularly check your canine for ticks and remove them promptly.

Proper Hygiene

Good hygiene practices can prevent the spread of germs between dogs and humans. 

Wash your hands thoroughly after handling your dog, especially before preparing food or touching your face. Clean up after your dog promptly to avoid attracting pests and spreading diseases.